Research Article

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF Nicotiana tabacum (TOBACCO) LEAF EXTRACT ON Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Korondu S. I.1*, Okorondu M.M.O.1, Oranusi,S. C.1
1 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Owerri
* Corresponding author: sokorondu@yahoo.co.uk
Published: Dec, 2015
DOI: 10.67614/njm.2015.lpvbkibb
Pages: 3049-3061

Abstract

The present study evaluates the phytochemical composition of ethanolic extract and antimicrobial property of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Nicotiana tabacum. The antimicrobial effects of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) leaf extract on microbial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was evaluated using using agar well diffusion method. Also, the Phytochemical screening of the plant was done using standard chemical methods. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of N. tabaci detected the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and cyanogenic glycosides. The antimicrobial effects of tobacco leaves using ethanol and water showed that the extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by a diameter of 2.8 and 3.6cm respectively while water extract inhibited the organisms by a diameter of 1.2 and 1.4cm respectively. At a concentraton of l.OOmg/ml of Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract Staphylococcus aureus, an inhibition of 2.3cm was observed while on Escherichia coli, the same concentration of the extract inhibited 2.8cm The mineral estimate in N. tabaci leaf using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) showed that Fe is 648.53mg/kg, Mg, 640.33mg/kg, Na, 7021.30mg/kg, K, 3128.63mg/kg, Ca, 17,551.33mg/kg, and Zn, 46.30mg/kg. The result of this study validates the use of tobacco leaf extract as snuff in treatment of cold and catarrh as it is commonly used by the elderly in Eastern Nigeria and can also be used in eliminating infections caused by gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Keywords

antimicrobial Nicotiana tabacum phytochemical pathogens

References

  1. Aarti Rawat, Rakesh Roshan Mali, (2013). Phytochemical Properties and Pharmcological Activities of Nicotiana tabacum: A Review. Indian J. Pharm. Biol. Res.2013; 1(2):74-82.
  2. Adebanjo, A.O., Adewanmi C.O and Essien, E.E. (1983). Anti-infective agents of higher plants. 5th International symposium of medicinal plants. University of Ife, Nigeria, pp: 152-156.
  3. Adesonga, S.A. (2005). Theories and realities. Inaugural Lecture series 181, pub by ObafemiAwolowo University press Ltd Ile-Ife, Osun state Nigeria.
  4. Akinyemi, K.O., Oladapo, O. Okwara, C.E., Ibe, C.C. and Fasure, K., A (2005). Screening of crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in southwest Nigerian unorthodox medicine for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. BMC Compl. Alter. Med., 5: 6.
  5. Ali, R.A., Hasanain, S.Z and K.A. Khan, (1988). Citrus waste: A potential source of biologically active compounds. Karachi University. J. Sci., 38: 131-136.
  6. American Public Health Association (APHA), (1985).Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste-water, 16th Ed., Washington 143-178.
  7. AOAC, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed., 33.2.43 (method 990.19); Washington D.C. p27-61
  8. Association of Official Analytical chemists (AOAC), (1984). Official Methods of Analysis (14th ed) Washington D.C.
  9. Bhat KKS (1997). Medicinal and plant information database. In: medicinal plants for forests conservation and health care. Eds. Bodeker, G. and Vantomme, P., FAO, Nonwood Forest Products Series No. 11, FAO, Rome. p. 158.
  10. Cheesbrough, M., (2000). District Laboratory practice in tropical countries. Part 2.Cambridge University Press.UK.,Pp" 132-184.
  11. Chesney, J. D. (1999). The promise of natural products the development of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemical in: Chemistry of the Amazon symposium series, America chemical society, Washington D. C: 54.
  12. Data, S.C. (1988). Systematic survey of the Dicoyledoneal, In systematic botany. Wiley Eastern Limited Edition. Pp. 157.
  13. Duke, J.A., Handbook of Legumes of world economic importance.Plenum press. New York.
  14. El-Fallal, A. A. and M. H. El-Kattan. 1997. Effect of plant Extracts on the mycelial growth of some cultivated Mushrooms. Egypt. J.Microbiol. 32(1):41-48.
  15. Etani, E, M. Agai, S. Isujihata, T. Tsukamoto and M. Ohta, (1998).Antibacterial action of Vinegar against food borne pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli 57: 117. J. Fd. Prot. 6: 953 – 959.
  16. Giannopoulou, C, Kamma, J.J and Mombelli, A. (2003). Effect of inflammation, smoking and stress on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine level, J Clin Periodontol, 30:145-53.
  17. Greer, J.R. and Poulson, T.C. (1983). Oral tissue alterations associated with the use of smokeless tobacco by teenagers, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 56:275-84
  18. Haber J (1994) Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis. Curr Opin Periodontol, 1:12–8.
  19. Iwu, M.M. (1993). Handbook of African Medicinal plants. Pub. By CRC press Inc., florida, USA. p60
  20. Jawetz, M, Adelbergs, E.A., G.F. Brooks, J.S. Butel. K and L.N. Ornston, (1989).Medical Microbiology. 18th edn, Prentice. Hall International (UK) Limited, London, Pp: 592.
  21. Kam, P.C., and Liew, A.O. (2002).Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and anaesthesia. Anaesth, 57 (11): 1083-1089.
  22. Liogier, H.A., (1990). Plants medicinals de Puerto Rico del caribe.Iberoamericana de Edicorios, Inc., San Juan, Puerto Rico, p566.
  23. Moreillion, P., Que, Y. A. Glauser, M.P. (2005). Staphylococcus aureus (including Staphylococcal toxic shock). In:Mandell, Douglas and Bennetis; Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Ed. Mandell G.L., Bennett J.E., Dolin R. Pub by Churchill living stone Peanyslyvania 6th ed 2: 2333-2339.
  24. Nwachukwu C. U., Umeh C. N., Kalu I. G., Okere S. and Nwoko M.C. (2010) Identification And Traditional Uses Of Some Common Medicinal Plants In Ezinihitte Mbaise L.G.A., Of Imo State, Nigeria. Report and Opinion. 2(6):1-8
  25. Nwankwo, I.U. and Amaechi, N. (2013). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Potentials of Anacardium occidentale. J. Res. Antim. 1(2): 069-074.
  26. Nwankwo, I.U., Onwuakor, C.E and Nwosu V.C (2014) Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activities of Citrullus Lanatus Seed against some Pathogenic Microorganisms. Glob. J. Med Res. 15(4): 22-26
  27. Okigbo, R.N. and Emoghene, A.O. (2003). Antifungal activity of leaf Extracts of some plant species on Mycosphere llafijensis the casual organisms of black sigatoka disease in banana (Musa acuminate). Nig. J. Plant Prot. 19: 10-15.
  28. Okigbo, R.N. and Omodaimro, O.O. (2007). Antimicrobial effect of Pigeon Pea leaf extracts (Cajun's cajon (L) Millsp.) on some human pathogens. J. Herbs, Spices, Plant. 12:117-127.
  29. Okorondu, S. I. (2011). Evaluation of the Antifungal Properties of Picralimanitida Seed Extracts. Int'al J. Nat. Appl. Sci., 7(1):41-46
  30. Okorondu, S. I., Akujobi, C. O., Okorondu, J. N. and Anyado-Nwadike, S. O. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas on pathogenic bacteria. Int'al J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 7(1):195-202
  31. Okorondu, S. I.,Akujobi, C.O and Nwachukwu, I. N. (2012). Antifungal properties of Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) peel and stalk extracts. Int'al J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(4):1527-1534
  32. Olukoya, D.K., Nduka, N,M. Idugbemi, T.O. (1993). Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants. Nig J. Ethnopharm 39: 69-72.
  33. Prescott, M.L., Harley, J. Donald, P. and Klein A. (1999).Antimicrobial chemotherapy. Microbiology 2rd ed. Brown publishers, USA.Pp 325.
  34. Rukangira, E., (2001). The African herbal industry, constraints and challenges, a paper presented at the Natural products and cosmeceutical 2001 conference. Pub in Erboristeria domain.
  35. Sairam, K., Rao, C. and R Goel, (2001) Effect of Convolvulus pluricautis Chois on gastric ulceration and secretion in rats, Indian J. Exp. Biol, 39,350-54.
  36. Sofowara, A. (1993). Medical plants and Traditional Medicine; In Africa 2nd edition spectrum books, Ibadan, Nigeria pp. 26-100.
  37. Trease, G.E. and Evans, E.C. (1983). Pharmacology.12th edition Bailliere Tindall, London. 345-6, 535-6, 772-3.
  38. WHO, (2003).Traditional medicine, fact sheet number 134.Revised May, 2003. Available on http://www.WHO.Int/ediacentre fact sheet fs1134.
  39. World Health Organization (1978): The promotion and Development of traditional medicine. Technical report series, pp 602.
How to Cite

I., K. S., M.M.O., O., & C., O. (2015). ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF Nicotiana tabacum (TOBACCO) LEAF EXTRACT ON Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 29(2), 3049-3061. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2015.lpvbkibb

K. S. I., O. M.M.O., and O. C., "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF Nicotiana tabacum (TOBACCO) LEAF EXTRACT ON Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 3049-3061, December 2015. doi: 10.67614/njm.2015.lpvbkibb

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles