Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Stool of Patients Attending Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre, Samaru-Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Cholera remains a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. It has the potential to cause widespread fatalities, spread rapidly, and disrupt travel and trade. This study aimed to characterize Vibrio cholerae isolated from stool samples of patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria and assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the identified strains. A total of 50 stool samples were collected from consenting patients with diarrhoea between July and August, 2023. These samples were screened for Vibrio cholerae using standard microbiological techniques. The isolates were identified based on colonial morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, with results interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2018) guidelines. The study recorded a Vibrio cholerae prevalence of 12%. All isolates exhibited 100% susceptibility to sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Susceptibility rates to other antibiotics were as follows: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.3%), Chloramphenicol (66.7%), and Tetracycline (66.7%). However, resistance was observed against Amoxicillin-clavulanate (50%) and Amoxicillin (66.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between Vibrio cholerae occurrence and socio- demographic factors such as age and education level. However, none of the analyzed risk factors showed a statistically significant correlation with the presence of the pathogen. This study has demonstrated that Vibrio cholerae is still endemic within the study area. The isolates were also resistant to some commonly used antibiotics within the study area. The most effective long-term strategy for cholera prevention is the implementation of sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene systems. Ensuring access to safe water, basic sanitation, and proper hygiene practices will significantly reduce the risk of cholera outbreaks in the study area.