Research Article

Occurrence of Integron Genes in Multiple Drug Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Benin City, Nigeria

Eremwanarue, A. O.1*, Shittu, H. O1, Ogefere, H.O.2, Igiehon, E.1, Oijagbe, R. E.1
1 Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, PMB, 1090, Ugbowo, Benin City, Nigeria
2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, PMB, 1090, Ugbowo, Benin City, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: eremwanarueaibuedefe@yahoo.com
Published: Dec, 2020
DOI: 10.67614/njm.2020.tfmzrwzz
Pages: 5409 - 5418

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with the ability to cause severe surgical wound infections and remains a problem. This microorganism commonly shows resistance to several antibiotics. Integron a mobile genetic elements are playing important functions in the wide spread of P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance. This study is aimed at investigating the occurrence of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes (int1, int2, int3) among P. aeruginosa strains. For this purpose, a total of 284 wound swabs were collected using sterile swab sticks. Isolated P. aeruginosa were screened with 8 routinely used antibiotics by means of disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was carried out on extracted DNAs from P. aeruginosa for the detection of integron and subsequent classification into int1, int2 and int3 genes using different set of specific primers. Out of the 99 isolates seen, 62 (66.7%) were P. aeruginosa. Most isolates that harbors integron genes showed notable resistance to antibiotics with highest resistance against Ceftazidime, Augmentin, Cefixime and Gentamicin (54.8%). PCR amplification showed that 16 (47.1%) P. aeruginosa strains harbors integron genes of which 13 (81.3%) isolates carried int1gene, 8 (50.0%) and 6 (37.5%) harbored int2 and int3 genes respectively. High antibiotic resistance amongst P. aeruginosa isolates were demonstrated in our study, int1 gene was prevalent followed by int2 then int3 and integrons has been reported to play an important role in multiple drug resistance among bacteria isolates.

Keywords

Antimicrobial wound swabs infections post operative polymerase chain reaction.

References

  1. Breidenstein, E. B., de la Fuente-NuÁ, C. and Hancock, R. E. (2011). Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance. Trends Microbiol, 19(8): 419 – 426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.04.005
  2. Brown, C. and Alhassan, A. N. (2014). Multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria from cockroaches trapped from a public hospital and a nearby students' hostel in Accra, Ghana. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 8(4): 1859 – 1864. DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v8i4.44
  3. Cambray, G., Guerout, A. M. and Mazel, D. (2010). Integrons. Annu. Rev. Genet, 44: 141 – 466. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102209-163504
  4. Cheesbrough, M. (2000). District Laboratory Practice Manual in Tropical Countries (part 2). Cambridge University Press: New York.
  5. Church, D., Elsayed, S., Reid, O., Winston, B. and Lindsay, R. (2006). Burn wound infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 19(2): 403 – 434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.2.403-434.2006
  6. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2011). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 21st international supplement, M100–S21. CLSI, Wayne, PA.
  7. Deng, Y., Bao, X., Ji, L., Chen, L., Liu, J. and Miao, J. (2015). Resistance integrons: class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 14: 45. DOI: 10.1186/s12941-015-0100-6
  8. Domingues, S., da Silva, G. J, Nielsen, K. M. (2012). Integrons: vehicles and pathways for horizontal dissemination in bacteria. Mob. Genet. Elemens, 2(5): 211 – 223. DOI: 10.4161/mge.22967
  9. Eduardo, L., Airton, J. and Pedro, A. (2008). Prevalence of bacterial resistance in surgical wound infections in peripheral arterial surgery. J. Vasc. Bras, 7(3): 239 – 247. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300009.
  10. Ehiaghe, J, Eghiaghe, F. A. Nwobu, R. A. U, Nwiyi, P. O. (2016). Prevalence and multidrug antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from surgical site in Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 5(7): 708 – 715. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.081
  11. Fair, R. J. and Tor, Y. (2014). Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st new millennium. Perspect. Medicin. Chem, 6: 25 – 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4137/PMC.S14459
  12. Fluit, A., Schmitz, F. J. (2004). Resistance integrons and super-integrons. Clin Microbiol Infect, 10(4): 272 – 288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1198-743X.2004.00858.x
  13. Fontana, R., Cornaglia, G., Ligozzi, M. and Mazzariol, A. (2000). The final goal: penicillin-binding proteins and the target of cephalosporins. Clinical Microbiol. Infect, 6(3): 34 – 40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2000.tb02038.x
  14. Gillings, M. R. (2014). Integrons: past, present, and future. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev, 78(2): 257 – 277. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00575-6-13
  15. Goudarzi, M., Fazeli, M., Azad, M., Seyedjavadi, S., Mousavi, R. and Rashidan, M. (2015). Carriage of class 1 and class 2 Integron in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients in Tehran hospitals, Iran. West Indian Med. J., 65(1): 32 – 39. DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.315
  16. Gu, B., Tong, M., Zhao, W., Liu, G., Ning, M. and Pan, S. (2007). Prevalence and characterization of class 1 integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from patients in Nanjing, China. Clin. Microbiol., 45(7): 241 – 243. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01318-06
  17. Khosravi, A. D, Motahar, M. and Abbasi, S. (2017). The frequency of class1 and 2 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients in a burn center of Ahvaz, Iran. PLoS One, 12(8): e0183061. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183061
  18. Mesaros, N., Nordmann, P., PleÁ, S. P., Roussel-Delvallez, M., Van-Eldere, J., Glupczynski, Y. (2007). Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance and therapeutic options at the turn of the new millennium. Clin Microbiol Infect, 13(6): 560 – 579. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01681.x
  19. Moazami, G. S. and Eftekhar, F. (2015). Multidrug resistance and integron carriage in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tehran, Iran. Turk. J. Med. Sci, 45: 789 – 793. DOI: 10.3906/sag-1408-120
  20. Mohadeseh, Z., Gilda, E., Hengameh, Z., Masouneh, K., Kazem, B., Hanieh, A., Seyed, M. M. and Marzieh, S. (2018). Prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons among multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Yazd, Iran. Iran. J. Microbiol., 10(5): 306 – 306.
  21. Nikokar, I., Tishayar, A., Flakiyan, Z., Alijani, K., Rehana-Baniasaeed, S. and Hossinpour, M. (2013). Antibiotic resistance and frequency of class 1 integrons, isolated from burn patients in Guilan, Iran. Iran. J. Microbiol, 5(1): 36 – 41.
  22. Odumosu, B. T., Adeniyi, B. A. and Chandra, R. (2013). Analysis of integrons and associated gene cassettes in clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Southwest Nigeria. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob, 12: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-12-29
  23. Olonitola, S. O., Olayinka, A. T., Inabo, H. I. and Shaibu, A. M. (2007). Production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases of Escherichia coli and Klesiella pneumonia in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci, 1(2): 181 – 185. DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v1i2.39689
  24. Poonsuk, K., Tribuddharat, C. and Chuanchuen, R. (2012). Class 1 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical isolates. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 43(2): 376 – 384.
  25. Rossolini, G. M., Mantengoli, E. (2005). Treatment and control of severe infections caused by multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 11(1): 17 – 32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01161.x
  26. Shibata, N., Doi, Y., Yamane, K., Yagi, T., Kurokawa, H. and Shibayama, K. (2003). PCR typing of genetic determinants for metallo-beta-lactamases and integrases carried by gram-negative bacteria, with focus on the class 3 integron. J. Clin. Microbiol, 41: 5407 – 5413. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.12.5407-5413.2003
  27. Siwela, A. H., Matsuure, F., Ncube, T., Olonitola, O. S., Best, G. R. (2007). A comparison of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms isolated from chicken and ostrich faeces in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci, 1(2):158 – 164. DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v1i2.39686
  28. Strateva, T. and Yordanov, D. (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenomenon of bacterial resistance. J. Med. Microbiol, 58(9): 1133 – 1148. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.009914-0
  29. Sun, G., Yi, M., Shao, C., Ma, J., Zhang, Q. and Shao, S. (2014). Novel Class 1 Integrons in multi-drug resistant isolates from Eastern China. Indian. J. Microbiol., 54(2): 227 – 231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-013-0441-9
  30. Sunde, M. (2005). Prevalence and therapeutic options of class 1 and class 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from meat and meat products of Norwegian origin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56: 1019 – 1024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki377
  31. Xu, Z., Li, L., Shirtliff, M. E., Alam, M. J., Yamasaki, S. and Shi, L. (2009). Occurrence and characteristics of Class 1 and 2 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients in southern China. J. Clin. Microbiol., 47(1): 230 – 234. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02077-08
  32. Yah, S. C., Eghafona, N. O., Oranusi, S. and Abouo, A. M. (2010). Widespread plasmid resistance genes among Proteus species in diabetic wounds of patients in the Ahmadu Bello University Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria. African J. Biotechnol, 6: 1757 – 1762. DOI: 10.5897/AJB2007.000-2258
  33. Yah, S. C., Yusuf, E. O. and Haruna, T. (2009). Patterns of antibiotics susceptibility of isolates and plasmid analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from surgical site infections in Nigeria. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci, 3(4): 810 – 818. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v3i4.47187
  34. Yousefi S, Nahaei M, Farajnia S, Ghojazdeh M, Akhi M, Sharifi Y. 2010. Class 1 integron and imipenem resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility. Iran J Microbiol, 2(3):115 – 121.
How to Cite

O., E. A., O, S. H., H.O., O., E., I., & E., O. R. (2020). Occurrence of Integron Genes in Multiple Drug Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Benin City, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 34(2), 5409 - 5418. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2020.tfmzrwzz

E. A. O., S. H. O, O. H.O., I. E., and O. R. E., "Occurrence of Integron Genes in Multiple Drug Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Benin City, Nigeria," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 5409 - 5418, December 2020. doi: 10.67614/njm.2020.tfmzrwzz

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles