Research Article

Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Unegbu Nnachetam Valentine1*, Nkwoemeka Ndidi Ethel2, Okey-Ndeche, F3, Obum-Nnadi,3
1 Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu State, Nigeria
2 School of General Studies/Microbiology Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
3 Department of Microbiology, Veritas University Abuja
* Corresponding author: donval4u@yahoo.com
Published: Jun, 2020
DOI: 10.67614/njm.2020.4fhvsn1j
Pages: 5145-5152

Abstract

This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined using micro broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, steroids and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The antibacterial activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25,12.5mg/ml showed the zone diameter of inhibition for S. aureus in response to the different extracts ranged between 9mm to 20mm while that of E. coli was between 7mm to 19mm. The MIC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on S. aureus is 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively while the MIC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on E. coli is 12.5mg/ml and 6.25mg/ml respectively. The MBC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on S. aureus is 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively while the MBC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on E. coli is 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively. It can be concluded that some secondary metabolites present in Moringa oleifera leaf may be responsible for the inhibition of the bacteria observed in this study; and the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaf possesses more antimicrobial activity (10 – 20mm) in a concentration dependent manner than the aqueous extract (9 - 15mm). This could justify its use as an antimicrobial agent. Therefore, M. oleifera leaf could be a promising natural antimicrobial agent with potential applications in pharmaceutical industries for controlling the pathogenic bacteria used in this work.

Keywords

Moringa oleifera Ethanol Aqueous Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli

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How to Cite

Valentine, U. N., Ethel, N. N., F, O., & Obum-Nnadi, (2020). Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 34(1), 5145-5152. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2020.4fhvsn1j

U. N. Valentine, N. N. Ethel, O. F, and Obum-Nnadi,, "Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 5145-5152, June 2020. doi: 10.67614/njm.2020.4fhvsn1j

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