Research Article

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending General Hospital Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria

Iliyasu, M.Y.1*, Shuaibu, H.M2, Galadima, U.I3
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi
2 Health Services Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi
3 Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Kashere
* Corresponding author: abuiimaryamm@gmail.com
Published: Jun, 2020
DOI: 10.67614/njm.2020.jnya6cve
Pages: 5180-5187

Abstract

Prevention of transmission of HIV from mother to child is a serious public health issues globally.There are approximately 1.4 million HIV positive women who become pregnant and contribute to more than 300,000 neonatal and foetal deaths each year. HIV in pregnancy is of concern because women with HIV/AIDS may transmit the infection to their child during pregnancy, delivery and while breastfeeding. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Kashere General Hospital from 2015 to 2019. A total of 3,144 pregnant women were enrolled and screened for HIV infection during the antenatal visit, after collecting their socio demographic, gynecological and obstetric details. A one-step HIV-DETERMINE test kit was used to screen the blood samples collected by needle-prick on fingertip. The results revealed that out of the 3,144 pregnant women screened, only 41(1.30%) were found positive and 39 of the positive cases fall within 21 to 30 years age group. Highest rate (4.3%) was found in the year 2017, followed by 1.75% in 2015, with 0.60% in 2019 as the least. This study, therefore advocate advocated early antenatal visit, voluntary testing in pregnancy and improved girl-child education/awareness as an essential step in PMTCT programmes.

Keywords

Pregnant women Kashere HIV Trimester Antenatal Mother-to-child Girl-child

References

  1. Agida, E.T., Abu, P., Echikwonye, M., Hwande, T.S., Ayeni, H.A.D and Swende, T.Z. (2010). HIV Prevalence among Clients Attending Antenatal Clinic at the Federal Medical Centre Makurdi. Nigerian Medical Journal, 19, 295-297.
  2. Anderson, J. (2012). Women and HIV: motherhood and more". Current Opinion on Infectious Disease, 25 (1): 58-65.
  3. Birkhead, G.S, Pulver, W.P. and Warren, B.L. (2010). Progress in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in New York State: 1988-2008. Journal of Public Health Management Practice 16:481.
  4. Bispo, S., Chikhungu, L., Rollins. N., Siefried, N. and Newell, M.L. (2017). "Postnatal HIV transmission in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of the International AIDS Society. 20 (1): 21251.
  5. Charles, A., Tinuade, O., Jonah, M., Mercy, I., Ifechi, A. and Christian, I. (2016) HIV Prevalence among Pregnant Women Clients Attending Antenatal Clinic at the Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT Centre, Jos Plateau State. World Journal of AIDS, 6, 59-64.
  6. Cherinet, Y., Berihu, A., Bekele, A., Biadgilign, S., Taye, B. and Tsegaye, A. (2013) Trend of HIV Prevalence among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Unit of Bishoftu Hospital, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 51, 169-176.
  7. Cornett, J.K. and Kim, T.J. (2013). "Laboratory diagnosis of HIV in adults: a review current methods". Clinical Diseases. 57 (5): 712–8.
  8. Coutsoudis, A., Kwaan, L. and Thomson, M. (2010). "Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 in resource-limited settings". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 8 (10): 1163–7.
  9. De Cock, K.M., Fowler, M.G and Mercier, E. (2000) Prevention of mother-to-child transmission in resource-poor countries: translating research into policy and practice. Journal of American Medical Association 283:1175.
  10. Drake, A.L., Wagner, A., Richardson, B. and John-Stewart, G. (2014) Incident HIV during pregnancy and postpartum and risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine 11:e1001608.
  11. Egesie, C.G., Okeudo, C., Ezem, B. and Ojiyi, E. (2008) Maternal HIV positive sero-prevalence at delivery at a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal 19(4):471-4.
  12. Fowler, M.G., Kourtis, A.P. and Aizire, J. (2014) Breastfeeding and transmission of HIV-1: epidemiology and global magnitude. Advanced Experimental Medical Biology 743:3.
  13. Gill, M.M., Machekano, R., Isarwa, A., Ahimsibwe, A., Oyebanji, O., Akintade, O.L. and Tiam, A. (2015). The Association between HIV Status and Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women in Rural Hospitals in Lesotho.
  14. Hoddinott, P., Tappin, D. and Wright, C. (2008) Breast Feeding Biomedical Journal. 336 (7689): 881–88.
  15. Hoffman, R.M., Black, V. and Technau, K. (2010) Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy duration and regimen on risk for mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 54:35.
  16. Ibrahim, I.A., Owoeye, G.I and Obilahi, A. (2013) The Burden of HIV Infection among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Semi Urban Nigerian Town. West African Medical Journal, 62, 323-328.
  17. Iliyasu, Z., Galadanci, H.S., Ibrahim, Y.A., Babashani, M., Mijinyawa, M.S., Simmons, M. and Mukhtar, H. A. (2017). "Should They Also Have Babies?" Community Attitudes toward Sexual and Reproductive Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria." Annals of Global Health. 83 (2): 320–327.
  18. Isichie, C. (2015) High Rate of HIV Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Rural Pregnant Women in North Central Nigeria. America Journal of Public Health Research, 3, 18-23.
  19. King, C.C, Ellington, S.R. and Kourtis, A.P. (2013) The role of co-infections in mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Current HIV Research, 11:10.
  20. Kourtis, A.P., Bulterys, M., Nesheim, S.R. and Lee, F.K. (2001) Understanding the timing of HIV transmission from mother to infant. Journal of American Medical Association, 285:709.
  21. Lallemant, M., Jourdain, G. and Le Coeur, S. (2004) A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators. New England Journal of Medicine 343:982.
  22. Lee, T.H., Chafets, D.M., Biggar, R.J., McCune, J.M. and Busch, M.P. (2010). The role of transplacental microtransfusions of maternal lymphocytes in utero HIV transmission. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 55 (2): 143–7.
  23. Landesman, S.H., Kalish, L.A. and Burns, D.N. (1996) Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child. The Women and Infants Transmission Study. New England Journal of Medicine 334:1617.
  24. Nesheim, S., Taylor, A. and Lampe, M.A. (2012) A framework for elimination of perinatal transmission of HIV in the United States. Paediatrics, 130:738.
  25. Okafor, C.T., Dinmoke, V.O. and Udigwe, G.O. (2014) Awareness of Adequate Antenatal Clients in Nnewi Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal, 23, 20-25.
  26. Read, P. J., Mandalia, S. and Khan, P. (2012) When should HAART be initiated in pregnancy to achieve an undetectable HIV viral load by delivery? AIDS, 26:1095.
  27. Sawant, S.S., Agrawal, S.R., Shastri, J.S., Pawaskar, S.M and Kadam, P. (2016) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients in Mumbai." Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 3(1): 12-14.
  28. Townsend, C.L, Tookey, P.A., Newell, M.L. and Cortina-Borja, M. (2010) Antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy: balancing the risk of preterm delivery with prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiviral Therapy 15:775.
How to Cite

M.Y., I., H.M, S., & U.I, G. (2020). Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending General Hospital Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 34(1), 5180-5187. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2020.jnya6cve

I. M.Y., S. H.M, and G. U.I, "Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending General Hospital Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 5180-5187, June 2020. doi: 10.67614/njm.2020.jnya6cve

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles