Abstract

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease cause by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remain one of the major public health problem. This study was to detect resistance to second line anti-tuberculosis among patient attending national tuberculosis and leprosy training centre Zaria, Nigeria using Lowenstein Jensen proportion (phenotypic) methods. A total 6125 patients were recruited, out of which 775 (12.6%) were MTB positive and 100 out of 775 were resistant to rifampicin by Xpert MTB/RIF with a prevalence of 13%. Out of 100, (90%) were culture positive while 7 (7%) were culture negative and 3 (3%) were contaminated. All of the ninety (90) samples that were culture positive were confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using immunochromatoghapic test. Seventy (77.7%) isolates were found to be pan susceptible while twelve (13.3%) and eight (9%) were resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycoside respectively. Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to second line anti-TB drugs in this study was observed to be high among age groups 31-45 and 16-30 years who are male living in urban setting. It was also observed to be high among non-reactive HIV that have not taken alcohol before and among those that were not previously treated with TB drugs, even though there’s no statically association between the drug resistance and social-demographic or risk factors in this study. This study has shown high prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis among patient attending national tuberculosis and leprosy training centre Zaria, Nigeria. The proportions of resistance detected in this study serve as possible indicator of the future emergence of XDR-TB in Nigeria. There is a need for close monitoring of TB patients for proper treatment and compliance to prevent drug resistant tuberculosis. However for the correct management patients with resistance to any of the SLD, results must be confirmed by phenotypic drug susceptibility testing.

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