Abstract

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Bioremediation is a technology that utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. The purpose of this review is to assess the current state of. Phytoremediation as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential in the remediation of various impacted sites. Since the dawn of industrial revolution and Agricultural activities mankind has been introducing numerous hazardous compound in the environment at an exponential rate. This hazardous pollutant consists of a variety of organic compound, fertilizer, and heavy metals, which pose serious risk to human health. Heavy metals are primarily more concerned because they cannot be destroyed by degradation frequently, the remediation of contaminated soils, ground water, and surface water is not common due to inability to decompose as a result of microbial activities. Therefore, there is need for the prevention and control of this pollution from contaminated areas in Jigawa state. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate this contaminant in the above ground parts which are then harvested for removal. Phytoremediation is a green technology, and when properly implemented it could minimizes disturbance of the soil and surrounding environment and reduce the spread of contamination via air and waterborne. Phytoremediation does not require expensive equipment. However, the greatest advantage of phytoremediation is its low cost and environmentally friendly compared to conventional clean up technologies. Despite all the important of phytoremediation in the preventing and control of pollutant, their use in developing countries like Nigeria is limited. Therefore, this review aimed at providing an innovative economical and environmentally- friendly approach to removing contaminant from wastes sites.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Contaminant, Soil, Water