Abstract

---

Malaria is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, Plasmodium falciparum is the most pathogenic species responsible for most malaria cases in Nigeria. Increased prevalence occurs due to evolution of new genotypes resulting in resistance to most common antimalarial drugs used. In malaria endemic regions, drug resistance is a serious public health issue and a major constraint to malaria eradication programmes. This research was aimed at determining the prevalence of molecular marker of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistant gene (pfmdr-1) among patients attending selected public hospitals within Kaduna North and Kaduna South Local Government Areas of Kaduna State Nigeria. A total of 280 blood samples were collected and analysed using standard methods. Plasmodium falciparum detection was carried out using rapid diagnostic test and microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films. The Pfmdr-1 gene was detected using Polymerase Chains Reaction (PCR). Results shows that out of 280 samples screened, 97 (34.6%) were positive for P. falciparum and Kaduna South had high prevalence (35.7%) compared to Kaduna North (33.6%). Overall prevalence of 34.3% of pfmdr-1 gene was recorded, Kaduna North had high prevalence (40.0%) compared to Kaduna South (26.7%). Higher prevalence of pfmdr-1 was recorded among patients age > 23 years (37.5%). Female had higher prevalence (41.7%) than male (18.2%). There was significant difference (p>0.05) in the distribution of pfmdr-1 based on location, age and gender. This study revealed gradual spread of pfmdr-1 in the study area, and continuous spread would lead to reduced efficacy of antimalarial drugs. Constant monitoring of pfmdr-1 would influence and direct drug policies against malaria.

Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Pfmdr-1 gene, prevalence, drug resistance