Phytochemical Analysis and Antibiofilm Activity of Allium Sativum Against Food-Borne Microorganisms

This work evaluates the chemical composition and antibiofilm potential of extracts from Allium sativum in the search for green and effective alternatives for overcoming menace of biofilms. The work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, inhibition of initial cell attachment as well as disruption of preformed biofilm. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was also carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assay (MIC) as well as Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Allium sativum ethanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the test organisms with MIC and MBC values u 1 mg/ml. P. aeruginosa showed more susceptibility to the extracts in the antimicrobial activity test with MIC and MBC values of 0.09 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml respectively. However, it showed more resistance in the antibiofilm activity test with MBIC value of 1.0625 mg/ml. Allium sativum ethanol extract inhibited cell attachment by at least 50% against the two test organisms while the aqueous and methanol extracts showed no activity at the concentration tested. Disruption of preformed biofilms revealed that Allium sativum ethanol extract showed 50% inhibition against S. aureus but not P. aeruginosa. Antibiofilm potential and biosafety of bioactive compounds from Allium sativum reveals a prospective active principle that could be of use in biofilm associated menace.