Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia Catappa Leaf Extracts on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
1 Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
2 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: omoyaf@nsmjournal.org.ng
2 Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: omoyaf@nsmjournal.org.ng
Abstract
Antimalarial drug resistance is one of the factors that have contributed to malaria treatment failure especially in Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa where malaria is endemic. Globally, renewed interest in medicinal plants has focused on the herbal cures among indigenous populations. Of such medicinal plants is Terminalia catappa. The medicinal use of T. catappa in malaria treatment was investigated in vivo in this study. The fresh leaves of T. catappa were air dried for a period of four weeks and ground into powdery form. Two hundred and fifty grams of the powdered leaf was submerged in 1.3 litre of ethanol and hot water respectively for 72 hours to extract the bio active ingredients. The antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol and water extracts were studied using Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice at 100 and 200mg/kg/day dosage. The 5 day curative test assay revealed that the administered dosages (100 and 200mg/kg/day) of Terminalia catappa ethanol extract caused chemo suppression of 32.88% and 39.48% respectively on day three and chemo suppression of 54.35% and 56.75% on day five. Similar dosages of hot water leaf extract caused chemo suppression of 26.63 and 30.45% respectively on day three and chemo suppression of 30.45% and 37.60% on day five. These values were statistically significant (P˂0.05) when compared with the positive control which recorded 39.88% and 57.63% for day 3 and 5 respectively. Our finding showed that Terminalia catappa leaf contained active antiplasmodial compounds and therefore, might be useful in the formation of novel antimalarial drug.
Keywords
Chemo-suppression
antiplasmodial activity
malaria treatment
Terminalia catappa.
References
- Chang, K. H. and Stwenson, M. M. (2004). Malarial anemia: mechanisms and implications of insufficient erythropoiesis during blood-stage malaria. International Journal of Parastology, 34: 1501-1516.
- Cheesbrough, M. (2014): District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Low price 2nd edition update, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom. Pp588.
- Harbone, J. B. (1984). Phytochemical methods. A guide to modern technique of plant analysis (2ndeal). London: Chapman and Hall.
- Joy, D. and Feag, X. M. (2003) Early Origin and Recent Expansion of Plasmodium falciparum. Science, 300 (5617): 31821.
- Kirby, G. C, O'Neil, M. J., Philipson, J.D., and Warhurst, D. C. (1989). In vitro studies on the mode of Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. BiochemPharmacol, 38: 4367-4374.
- Kirkwood, B. R., and Sterne, J. A. C. (2003). Essential Medical statistics. (2nd ed). MA: Blackwell Science Ltd., U.S.A.
- Korsomrye, P. E. L, Williams, B. G, Gowers, E, Dye, C., and Snow, R. W. (2003). Measurement of trends in childhood malaria mortality in Africa: an assessment of progress toward targets based on verbal autopsy. Lancet Infect. Dis.3:349-358.
- Krettli, A. U, Andrade-Neto, V. F., Brandão, M. G. L., and Ferrari, W. M. S. (2001). The Search for New Antimalarial Drugs from Plants Used to Treat Fever and Malaria or Plants Randomly Selected. Rio de Janeiro, 96(8): 1033-1042.
- Levetin, E. and McMahon, k. (2003): Plants and Society (3rd edition). Iowa: McGraw-Hill.
- Marsh, K. (1998). Malaria disaster in Africa. Lancet, 352:924-925
- Mcknight, D. C., Mills, R. G, Bray, J. J and Crag, P. A. (1999). Human Physiology, (4th ed). Churchill Livingstone, p 290-294.
- Newman, J. L., Malnets, A., Shillington, K, Stock R (2008). Africa. Microsoft Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.
- Nwanjo, H. U, and Ahmanuli, E. O. (2005). Effect of aqueous extract of Uziliflium leaf on some indices of liver functions in rats. Global J.Med.Sci.,4(1): 29-32.
- Odagbo, O. B., Uwakwe, A. A. and Momago, C. C. (2012). Some Biochemical and Hematological Studies on the Methanolic Extract of Anthocleista Grandiflora Stem Bark. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2: 5-11.
- Okwu, D. E (2004). Phytochemical and vitamins content of indigenous species of South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Environment. 6 (1):30-31.
- Owolobi, C. (2010). Modern methods in organic chemistry. Longman University Press, Ibadan, Nig.Pp76.
- Tan, R. X, Zheng, W. F., and Tang H Q. (1998). Biologically active substances from the genus Artemisia. PlantaMed, 64: 295-302.
How to Cite
F, O., C, A. F., & B, A. (2017). Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia Catappa Leaf Extracts on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 31(1), 3618-3624. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2017.pg2dmbp6
O. F, A. F. C, and A. B, "Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia Catappa Leaf Extracts on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 3618-3624, June 2017. doi: 10.67614/njm.2017.pg2dmbp6
