Research Article

Characterization and Identification of Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Hospital Wastewaters

Etinosa O. Igbinosa1*, Abeni Beshiru1
1 Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: eigbinosa@gmail.com
Published: Dec, 2017
DOI: 10.67614/njm.2017.2mmcoz01
Pages: 3926-3932

Abstract

The present study was designed to characterize antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from some selected hospital environments in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of sixty (60) wastewater samples (15 samples from each hospital) were collected from hospital drains in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH); Health Centre (University of Benin); Central Hospital Benin and Faith Mediplex, Benin City between January and March 2014. Standard culture-based methods and biochemical approach were used for identification of the bacterial strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were carried out using disc diffusion method. The mean cell density of heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 2.41xl06 ± 0.03 to 3.35xl07 ± 0.02 cfu/ml while the mean Acinetobacter species count ranged from 2.05x103 ± 0.01 to 7.55x104 ± 0.07 cfu/ml. Antibiotic-resistant profiles of the isolates revealed that 67/72 (93.06%) were resistant to amoxicillin (Penicillins), 62/72 (86.11%) were resistant to gentamycin (Aminoglycosides), 69/72 (95.83%) were resistant to ampiclox ([3-lactam/p-lactamase inhibitors); while 5/72 (6.94%) were sensitive to cefuroxime (Cephalosporin II) and chloramphenicol (Phenicols). Multidrug-resistant profile revealed that 33/72 (45%) of the isolates were resistant to PENR, GENR, APXR, AMXR, NALR, CHLR, PEFR, CXMR, TETR with multiple antibiotic-resistant index of 0.9. The findings from this study revealed A. baumannii in the hospital effluent were resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic-resistant index suggest a potential risk to public health and the surrounding communities.

Keywords

Acinetobacter baumannii hospital health risk multidrug-resistant antibiotic.

References

  1. Atrouni, A., Joly-Guillou, M.L., Hamze, M. and Kempf, M. (2016). Reservoirs of non-baumannii Acinetobacter species: A review of environmental and clinical sources. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7:49-61.
  2. Baquero, F., Martinez, J.L. and Canton, R. (2008). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 19: 260-265.
  3. Bedenic, B., Beader, N., Godic-Torkar, K., Vranic-Ladavac, M., Luxner, J., Veir, Z., Grisold, A.J. and Zarfel, G. (2015). Nursing home as a reservoir of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbial Drug Resistance, 21(3):270-278.
  4. Betian, J., Auckera, H.M., Houang, E. and Pitt, T.L. (1999). Isolation of Acinetobacter spp. including A. baumannii from vegetables: Implications for hospital-acquired infections. Journal of Hospital Infection, 42: 201-204.
  5. Carballo, A., Omil, F., Lema, J.M., Llompart, M., Garcia-Jares, C., Rodriguez, I., Gomez, M. and Ternes, T. (2004). Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant. Water Research, 38: 2918-2926.
  6. Cheesbrough, M. (2000). Bacteriological testing of water. In District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2: 149-154.
  7. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2017). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing M02-A12, M07-A10, and M11-A8. 27th Edition:282pp
  8. Dahiru, M. and Enabulele, O.I. (2015). Acinetobacter baumannii in birds' feces: A public health threat to vegetables and irrigation farmers. Advances in Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 5: 693-698.
  9. Davies, J. and Davies, D. (2010). Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 74(3): 417-433.
  10. Eze, O., Erac, B., Cetin, H.Y., Ece, C. and Bayrak, A. (2015). Antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal relation between Acinetobacter baumannii strains at a tertiary care center in Turkey. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 8(2): 15612-15617.
  11. Goic-Barisic, I., Hrenovic, J., Kovacic, A. and Music' M.S. (2016). Emergence of oxacillinases in environmental carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii associated with clinical isolates. Microbial Drug Resistance, 22(5): 559-563.
  12. Guardabassi, L., Petersen, A., Olsen, J.E. and Dalsgaard, A. (1998). Antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from sewers receiving waste effluent from a hospital and a pharmaceutical plant. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64: 3499-3502.
  13. Hrenovic, J., Goic-Barisic, I., Kazazic, S., Kovacic, A., Ganjto, M. and Tonkic, M. (2016). Carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in a municipal wastewater treatment plant, Croatia, 2014. European Surveillance, 21(11): 30193-30203.
  14. Jia, W., Li, C., Zhang, H., Li, G., Liu, X. and Wei, J. (2015). Prevalence of genes of OXA-23 carbapenemase and AdeABC efflux pump associated with multidrug resistance of conventional antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistant isolates in the ICU of a comprehensive Hospital of North Western China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12: 10079-10092.
  15. Kanthusheb, T., Leungtongkam, U., Thirapanmethee, K. and Chomnawang, M.T. (2015). Efficacy of Acinetobacter baumannii growth. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 10(21): 2169-2165.
  16. Krahn, T., Wibberg, D., Maus, I., Wiekler, A., Bontron, S., Sczyrba, A., Nordmann, P., Puhler, A., Poirel, L. and Schluter, A. (2016). Intraspecies transfer of the chromosomal Acinetobacter baumannii blaOXA-51 carbapenemase gene. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 60: 3032-3040.
  17. Kummerer, K. (2003). Significance of antibiotics in the environment. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52: 5-7.
  18. Maravic, A., Skocibusic, M., Fredotovic, Z., Samanic, I., Cvjetan, S., Knezevic, S. and Puizina, J. (2016). Urban riverine environment is a source of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing clinically important Acinetobacter spp. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 3525-3535
  19. Peng, L., Yang, C., Jing, X., Liu, N., Weng, H., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Qiu, S. and Song, H. (2013). Acinetobacter calcoaceticus from a fatal case of pneumonia harboring blaOXA-58 in a widely distributed plasmid. BioMed Central Infectious Diseases, 16: 1131-138.
  20. Pestili, M., Sabsuni, A., Portieri, E., Celenza, G., Segatore, B., Bottoni, C., Bellio, P., Mancini, A., Marcoccia, F., Brisilelli, F. and Amicosante, G. (2014). OXA-23 carbapenemase in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 Type: First identification in L'Aquila Hospital (Italy). Microbial Drug Resistance, 21(1):97-101.
  21. Pitot, D., Alingrywat, B., Sas, H., Duran, S., Pessoa-Silva, C.L. and Donaldson, L. (2006). Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices. Lancet Infectious Diseases (6)10: 641-652.
  22. Ruzzoto, V., Corteggiani, A., Rainieri, M.S. and Giaratano, A. (2015). Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in the intensive care unit. Journal of Intensive Care 3:54
  23. Shih, M.J., Lee, N.Y., Lee, H.C., Chang C.M., Wu, C.J. and Chen, P.E. (2008). Factors of multidrug resistance in nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii due to Acinetobacter baumannii: A case control study. Journal of Microbiology and Immunology of Infection, 41(2): 118-123.
  24. Thomas, C.M. and Nielsen, K.M. (2005). Mechanisms of, and barriers to, horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. Nature Reviews in Microbiology. 3:711-721.
  25. Wei, Y., Yang, H., Ye, Y and Li, J. (2015). New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-mediated carbapenem resistance: Origin, diagnosis, treatment and public health concern. Chinese Medical Journal, 128(14): 1969-1975
  26. Zhang, X.X., Zhang, T. and Fang, H.H. (2009a). Antibiotic resistance genes in water environment. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 82(3): 397-414.
  27. Zhang, Y., Marrs, C.F., Simon, C. and Xi, C. (2009b). Wastewater treatment contributes to selective increase of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter spp. Science of the Total Environment, 407: 3702-3706.
How to Cite

Igbinosa, E. O., & Beshiru, A. (2017). Characterization and Identification of Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Hospital Wastewaters. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 31(2), 3926-3932. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2017.2mmcoz01

E. O. Igbinosa, and A. Beshiru, "Characterization and Identification of Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Hospital Wastewaters," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 3926-3932, December 2017. doi: 10.67614/njm.2017.2mmcoz01

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles