Research Article

Distribution of Antibiotic Resistant and Biofilms Producing Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi in Michika and Mubi LGA of Adamawa State

Sale, M.1*, Ja’afaru, M. I.2, Adedeji, B. A3
1 Microbiology Department, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola P. M. B. 2076, Jimeta –Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
2 Department of Microbiology, school of life sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.
3 Department of Microbiology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: samupuk@mautech.edu.ng
Published: Dec, 2019
Pages: 4757-4765

Abstract

The emergence of multidrug resistance among strains of Salmonella Typhi has continued to complicate treatment options with increased morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant and biofilm producing Salmonella Typhi in Mubi and Michika LGAs of Adamawa State, Nigeria. This cross sectional study was undertaken among people attending public hospitals who were beingtreated for enteric or other fevers in the study area. Stool and blood samples from the patients were cultured following standard microbiological methods and Salmonella Typhi isolates were confirmed using standard antisera for S. Typhi. Findings from this study revealed that 27% of the stool samples and 5.7% of the blood samples yielded growth of S. Typhi. Overall prevalence of S. Typhi was 16.8% while it was 16.5% and 17.4% in Mubi and Michika respectively. The risk ratio of S. Typhi for females to males in the study area was 1.19. Biotyping of S. Typhi revealed that 78.2% of the isolates were biotype I. Antibiogram of the isolates revealed that 67% of the isolates from the study area were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The overall occurrence of multi drug resistant isolates from the study area was 58% with the multiple antibiotic resistance index of the isolates being predominantly within the high risk zone. Again, 61.7% and 76.2% of the isolates from Mubi and Michika respectively carried resistant plasmid while 80% of all the isolates produce biofilm. It was observed that lack of good quality drinking water, poor human waste disposal and hygiene are responsible for the continued occurrence of enteric fever in the study area. Furthermore, self-medication and empirical antibiotic without laboratory support are attributable risk factors for the emergence of multi drug resistant strains. These findings underscore the urgent legislation that will limit access to antibiotics over the counter as is the case today. It also calls for greater synergy between physicians and the laboratory in the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of typhoid fever.

Keywords

Multidrug Biofilm Resistant

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How to Cite

M., S., I., J. M., & A, A. B. (2019). Distribution of Antibiotic Resistant and Biofilms Producing Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi in Michika and Mubi LGA of Adamawa State. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 33(2), 4757-4765.

S. M., J. M. I., and A. B. A, "Distribution of Antibiotic Resistant and Biofilms Producing Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi in Michika and Mubi LGA of Adamawa State," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 4757-4765, December 2019.

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