Volume 32 (2018)

1

Research Article

Response of Aspergillus species to the Toxicity of Domestic Detergents

Williams, Janet Olufunmilayo^*, Ogolo, Chinomso Nwaka

This study was performed to assess the toxicity of two different domestic detergents at varying concentrations on the Aspergillus sp. subjected to different exposure times. The toxicological assessment was performed using the Aspergillus species isolated from fresh (Asarama stream, Asarama town, Andoni L.G.A) and brackish (Eagle island River, Port Harcourt) aquatic ecosystems both in Rivers sta...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4334-4343

2

Research Article

Microbiological and Physico-chemical Analyses of Wine produced from Citrulluslanatus (Watermelon) and Psidiumguajava (Guava) blend using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Akpoghelie, P. O^*, Omonigho, S. E

Citrullusl anatus (Watermelon) and Psidium guajava (Guava) are tropical fruits with short shelf-lives because of the temperature and relative humidity conditions in tropical countries like Nigeria. Production of wine from these fruits could help to reduce the extent of post-harvest loss and increase the variety of wines. Juice from the fruits was extracted and after treatment were mixed using t...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4326-4333

3

Research Article

Incidence of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Drinking Water Sources in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Olowe, B. M.^*, Oluyege, J. O, Famurewa, O., Akinsuroju, M. O, Ohunayo, S. A

This study investigated the incidence of multiple antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from drinking water sources in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Fifty samples of drinking water from wells, boreholes, streams, sachet and bottled water were randomly collected from Ado-Ekiti metropolis, Nigeria for microbiological analyses. Isolation, identification, antibiotic sensitivity testing of Gram...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4315-4325

4

Research Article

Effect of Glyphosate on Dehydrogenase Activity of Bacterial and Filamentous Fungal Isolates from a Freshwater Sediment

C. O. Aneni^*, Ariole C. N

The effect of glyphosate on bacteria and filamentous fungi isolated from Yeghe River sediment in Bori LGA, Rivers state, Nigeria was investigated. The isolates were phenotypically identified using standard methods and assayed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the glyphosate. The dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of the most sensitive isolates were determined using 2, 3, 5-tr...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4306-4314

5

Research Article

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection among Apparently Healthy Students of a Tertiary Institution in North-eastern Nigeria

Tula, M.Y.^*, Iyoha, O., Okpalauwaekwe, E.A., Mohammed, A., Iruolaje, P.O., Okpara, A,N.

This is a cross-sectional laboratory based study in which two hundred blood samples were aseptically and randomly collected from apparently healthy students of Federal Polytechnic Mubi. Participants were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti HCV antibody using standard procedures. Ethical clearance and participant's informed consent were sought and obtained from appropriate authorit...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4290-4296

6

Research Article

Proximate Analysis and Antibacterial Activities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum Capsicum annum and Zingiber officinale

Umeaku, C.N.^*, Chris-Umeaku C. I, Ukoha, C.C., Ezeanaekwu, R.O.

The extracts of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Capsicum annum and Zingiber officinale were analysed for their antimicrobial properties. The presence of some phytochemical components (Flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins and amino acids) were confirmed. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against four bacterial isolates; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4282-4289

7

Research Article

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Processed Meat \"Tsire\" Sold at Karshen Waya, Dorayi Gwale Local Government, Kano State

Lambu, Z. N^*, Sadisu, F. U, Abdulwaheed, I.A, Adamu, R. T, Gaya, I. A, Adamu, S, Ado, A. S

A study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of \"Tsire\" sold at Karshen Waya within a period of two months (January to February 2017). 10 samples of \"Tsire\" were analyzed microbiologically for determination of aerobic mesophilic count, staphylococcal count and total coliform count using pour plate technique. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus was also carried out. Results of ...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4278-4288

8

Research Article

Susceptibility of Two RNA Viruses of Public Health Significance to Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants

ObiR.K^*, Shenge J.A

Background/Aim: The lack of effective therapies and/or vaccines for several viral infections, and the rapid emergence of new drug-resistant viruses have necessitated the need for developing new and effective antiviral agents. In this study we evaluate the antiviral potentials of three plants indigenous to Nigeria on vaccine strains of Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Polio virus (PV) in order to in...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4269-4277

9

Research Article

Salmonella Biovars Isolated From Poultry Farms in Abia And Imo States South Eastern Nigeria

Nwiyi, P. O^*, Chah, K. F, Shoyinka, V. O.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biovars of Salmonella that are found in poultry farms in Abia and Imo States, Southeastern Nigeria. Forty Salmonella isolates obtained from previous studies were subjected to molecular identification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Salmonella universal and species specific primers. Six different Salmonella serotypes were screened to deter...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4262-4268

10

Research Article

Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus from Locally Bred Chicken in Kaduna South Local Government Area. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Abraham, O. J^*, Onwuatuegwu, J.T.C, Nwobodo, A.H., Zakka, A. W., Egbunu, Z. K, Oruma, Y.U, Ahmed, S.f, Ngbo, F. S.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic poultry, caged, aviary and wild birds caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Sero prevalence of Newcastle disease virus was determined with 250 sera samples collected from unvaccinated local chickens marketed and slaughtered in Kaduna South Local Government Area, Kaduna State. Northern Nigeria using the Haemagglutinat...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4256-4261

11

Research Article

Influence of Environmental and Nutritional Factors on The Vegetative Growth of Pleurotus pulmonarius

Segun Gbolagade JONATHAN^*, Fatade Oluwabusola O

Pleurotus pulmonarius is an edible macrofungus that is produced commercially. Cultural studies to determine the most suitable culture media for the vegetative growth was carried out. The effect of environmental and nutritional factors was also investigated. Temperature ranging between 10-25°C and pH values (4.0-8.0) influences was determined on different chemically defined medium (potato dextro...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4251-4255

12

Research Article

Environmental Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Open Drainage Systems in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

David N Ogbonna^*, Rentier R Nrior, Blessing A Erheriene

Bacterial isolates from wastewater and sediments of the Ntanwogba open drainage system in Port Harcourt city was tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics. Wastewater samples were collected twice a week for a period of six months from February through July using standard analytical methods. Results obtained showed that the sediment samples had Escherichia coli with the highest percentage o...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4241-4250

13

Research Article

Itaconic Acid Production by Aspergillus terreus Using Pod of Moringa oleifera as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

Ajiboye, A.E^*, Babatunde, S.K, Adedayo, M.R., Ajuwon, LB, Labinjo, Z.Y

Itaconic acid was produced by Aspergillus terreus under solid-state fermentation using the pod of Moringa oleifera as substrate. Grinded Moringa pod was weighed into separate shake flasks containing salts and Aspergillus terreus (3.2x 104spores/ml) was added. The substrate was left to ferment for 5 days. Carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a control substrate. Itaconic acid was assayed us...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4236-4240

14

Research Article

Nasal Colonization as a Risk Factor for Staphylococcal Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Shuaibu Suleiman Adeiza^*, Josiah Ademola Onaolapo, Busayo Olalekan Olayinka

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram-positive bacterium found in clinical and community settings across the world. It is a major cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired staphylococcal infections. Nasal carriage rates of S. aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among hospital and non hospital centres have been reported in several Nigerian studies. Neverthele...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4220-4235

15

Research Article

ERIC-PCR and Protein Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Nigerian HIV-Positive Patients Admitted in different Hospitals in Imo State Nigeria

Ijeoma Emeka-Nwabunnia^*, Francisca O. Nwaokorie, Viviane Nakano, Mario J. Avila-Campos, Ikechukwu N. E. Onwurah

Opportunistic infections due to endogenous microorganisms have been a global problem in immune compromised Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients. Staphylococcus aureus is a significant opportunistic pathogen among HIV patients in both nosocomial and community settings. There is scarce information on the relatedness of S. aureus strains isolated from HIV patients in Nigeria. The g...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4207-4305

16

Research Article

Determination of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of Corn Starch Extract on Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi

Erhimu Loveday Obakpororo^*, Tasie Floretta, Nwachukwu Ujunwa Felicia, Obodo Chidubem Nathaniel

The phytochemical and antimicrobial effect of cornstarch extracts was investigated. Corn starch of yellow and white corn variety were extracted successively with ethanol, methanol and distilled water. These crude extracts were assessed for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Escherichia coli were sensitive to the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of white cor...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4213-4219

17

Research Article

Plasmid Profile and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine in Abia State

Nwiyi, Paul Okechukwu^*

Plasmid is known to play a very vital role in the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in veterinary and human health. A total of 90 isolates of Escherichia coli out of 100 swab samples were recovered from cloacal swabs of swine (neonate, piglet and adults). All the isolates were morphologically and biochemically identified, while 20 of the representative isolates were confirmed using mol...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4206-4212

18

Research Article

Effect of Soil Types on Infiltration Pattern of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia Coli From Hospital Wastewaters Into Surrounding Groundwater

Omowunmi Abosede Banjo^*, Olawale Olufemi Adelowo, Stephen Oluwafemi Ariyo, Obasola Ezekiel Fagade

This study investigated the vulnerability of six groundwater sources to contamination by Escherichia coli using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and standard Microbiological procedures. Hospital wastewater and groundwater samples were collected from five hospitals. VES was accomplished using Schlumberger electrode configuration. All and four of the wastewater and groundwater sources sampled w...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4199-4205

19

Research Article

Hepatitis D Virus: An Important Viral Agent in Hepatitis B Virus Endemic Regions a Review

Kekere-Ekun Abdulhafeez Abiola^*

More than 370 million individuals worldwide are Hepatitis B virus (HB V) carriers and about 5% of these individuals are co-infected with Hepatitis D virus (HDV). Hepatitis D virus is a defective virus that requires the obligatory help of Hepatitis B virus for its replication and expression. Hepatitis D virus is known to induce acute or chronic liver diseases. Individuals having HBV-HDV co-infec...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4183-4192

20

Research Article

Hook Worm Infection Among Peasant Farmers in Ghakyob District of Kaninkon Chiefdom Jema'a Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Chock, J.J^*, Bobai, M., Abraham, O. J, Aliyu, A.M, Aliyu, M.Y, Patrick, E.B, Dogo, S.H

Hookworm is now known as the most damage and insidious character infection among parasitic infections and ye. the most neglected by the global medical community. This however, is constituting great threat to public health sector most especially in the tropical countries. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of Hookworm infection among peasant farmers in six villages of Ghakyob Dis...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4176-4182

21

Research Article

Microbiological Evaluation of Shelf-life Indices of Fermented African Locust Bean Cake Stored Under Preservative Treatment

Rabi, M.^*, Mukhtar, M.D., Magashi, A.M., Bukar, A

Daddawa also known as iru, among the Yorubas in South-west Nigeria, is a popular condiment used as taste and flavour enhancer in soup and dishes in Africa. Daddawa is traditionally produced from locust beans (Parkia biglobosa) seeds. This work was carried out on the preservation of fermented Parkia biglabosa seeds sourced from local producers and laboratory produced. The fermented laboratory co...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4168-4175

22

Research Article

Fermentative Improvement of Nutritional Status of ogi Using Soybeans

Obi, C. N.^*, Usoro, O. A.

Ogi, a common fermented food from maize is usually low in protein mostly when produced from maize alone. This research was carried out to determine the possibility of improving the nutritional value mostly protein, carbohydrate and ash content of pap using soybeans. The maize was steeped together with different percentages of parboiled soy bean (5-50%), and allowed to ferment for 0-72 hours. 0....

Jun, 2018 pp. 4158-4167

23

Research Article

Correlation of Antibiotic Resistance with Some Virulence Properties Among Clinical Bacterial Isolates

Tula, M.Y.^*, Hyoha, O., Filgona, J.

In the last few decades, the levels of antibiotic resistant infections in the developing countries have increased steadily. This was as a result of combination of microbial characteristics and the selective pressure of antimicrobial use. In this study, 100 clinical samples were screened for bacterial genera. The identified organisms were tested for antibiotic resistant pattern, beta-lactamase p...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4139-4147

24

Research Article

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Microbial Isolates From Open Wounds To Common Antibiotics

Adigun, M.O.^*, Afolabi, O.O., Agbaje-Daniels, F.V, Okonofua, C.C., Lateef, S.A.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process with the wound environment changing with the changing health status of the individual. This is a resultant effect of antibiotic resistance which the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared as pandemic since 2012. To consolidate this fact, forty-one (41) open wound swab samples were collected from Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUT...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4148-4157

25

Research Article

An Assessment of Helminthes Ova on Ready to Eat Vegetables Within Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Chock, J.J^*, Mohammed, A.A, Aliyu, M.Y, Patrick, E.B, Aliyu, A.M, Dogo, S.H, Abraham, O. J

Intestinal parasitic diseases are still a public health problem in the developing countries, probably due to poor sanitation and inadequate personal hygiene. Sixty (60) fresh vegetables comprising of 30 carrot (Daurus carota) and 30 garden egg (Solamun aethiopicum)were collected from farmers within Kaduna metropolis and examined using simple ordinary sedimentation concentration method for the p...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4134-4138

26

Research Article

Investigating Hotels' Compliance With Food Hygiene Regulations Within Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State Nigeria

Esther O. Adebitan^*

Food is what contains the nutrients which are essential for body nourishment. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as 'when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. The hotel is one place where people are served food at a cost. This implies that the hotel has a stake in ensuring food security for all people. H...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4124-4133

27

Research Article

Isolation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Tolerant Bacteria in Wastewater Effluent from University of Nigeria Sewage Treatment Plant Site.

Godwin E. Oyiwona^*, Chukwudi Uzoma, AnyanwuJ Lewis Ezeogu

Phenol tolerant bacteria were isolated from sewage treatment site. Sixteen bacterial colonies were isolated and tested in 100-500 mg/L of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). After screening, two isolates which showed high phenol resistances were selected. Both isolates, XC, and N3 were able to tolerate 200 mg/L of 2,4-DCP but isolate N3 tolerated 400 mg/L of 2,4-DCP. Isolate N3 was identified as Baci...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4118-4123

28

Research Article

Microbial Profile In Children With Secretory Otitis Media In Zaria, Nigeria

Ahmad,A. E^*, Musa, B. O. P, Jamoh, B. Y., Opaluwa, A. S, Nasir, A. L, Usman, Y

Sixty (60) children with secretory otitis media and 60 age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study. Ear-discharge swabs were taken from children with secretory otitis media and cultured for microbial isolation and identification. Un-paired student t-test was used to compare the difference between the children with secretory otitis media and the control group, while Chi-squared tes...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4112-4117

29

Research Article

The In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorella vulgaris Extracts on Selected Clinical Isolates

Agwa, O. K.^*, Egbo, S. 1., Uyo, O.C

The antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts Chlorella vulgaris was studied by using methanol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, hot aqueous and cold aqueous extracts on; Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida sp. and Penicillium sp. The well in-agar and disc diffusion techniques adopted showed inhibitory eff...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4104-4111

30

Research Article

Microbial Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Fried Grasshopper Sold in Jos and its Environs

Dawang, D.N^*, Gogwim, F. T

Food is an important basic necessity but its procurement, preparation and consumption are vital for the sustenance of life. Unfortunately it is also a vehicle of disease spread. The aim of this research is to determine the microbial quality of ready- to- eat grasshoppers being sold within Jos and its environs. Two hundred (200) samples were purchased from 10 different locations within Jos and i...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4100-4103

31

Research Article

Molecular Detection of hepatitis A Virus in Water Samples from Buffalo River, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Vincent N. Chigor^*, Siziwe Koba, Timothy Sibanda, Anthony I. Okoh

Contaminated surface waters have been implicated in outbreaks of enteric viral infections. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the common cause of infectious hepatitis, and hepatitis A outbreaks associated with contaminated water supply have been reported in various countries. The aim of this study was to assess the virological quality of water samples from Buffalo River, a major resource located in Eas...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4092-4099

32

Research Article

Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger using cane Molasses as Substrate

Baba, J.^*, Mohammed S.S.D., Ayansina A.D.V, Shaba A. M., Innocent B

Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger isolated from spoilt beans using cane molasses was investigated. The spoilt bean on SDA media produced Aspergillus niger from which Citric acid was produced using submerged fermentation technique. The sensory properties of the Citric acid produced from A. niger indicated dark coloration with pH values of 3.55 as the minimum and 5.19 as the maximum. Th...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4079-4086

33

Research Article

Isolation and Identification of Coliform Bacteria from Selected Well Water in Lapai Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria

Baba, J.^*, Majiya, H. M, Muhammad, I. L, Abdullahi, M, Oladoke, A.B.

The study was carried out to isolate and identify Coliform bacteria from well water situated in Lapai metropolis. Fifteen (15)samples of well water, used for domestic purposes were collected from different well water points within Lapai metropolis. Most Probable Number was used for enumeration of Coliform, Cultured on Nutrient agar and Eosin methylene blue (EMB) Agar. The isolates were subjecte...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4087-4091

34

Research Article

Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Studies of Water in Nduetong Oku Streams of Akwa Ibom State

Nseobong G. Akpan^*, Ukponobong E. Antia, Cheryl K. Eno-Ibanga, Mary A. Christopher

The importance of routine assessment of water quality available for consumption, domestic and industrial uses cannot be overemphasized. Hence, studies on microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics of Nduetong Oku streams (Idim Afia and Idim Etuk) were carried out to assess their pollution status. Microbiological analysis showed mean bacterial count of 8.05x105 CFU/mL for Idem Afia and...

Jun, 2018 pp. 4193-4198