Research Article

Determination of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of Corn Starch Extract on Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi

Erhimu Loveday Obakpororo1*, Tasie Floretta1, Nwachukwu Ujunwa Felicia1, Obodo Chidubem Nathaniel1
1 Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, P.M.B 01660, Agbani, Enugu, Nigeria.
* Corresponding author: nwachukwujiawa77@yahoo.com
Published: Jun, 2018
DOI: 10.67614/njm.2018.536spve6
Pages: 4213-4219

Abstract

The phytochemical and antimicrobial effect of cornstarch extracts was investigated. Corn starch of yellow and white corn variety were extracted successively with ethanol, methanol and distilled water. These crude extracts were assessed for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Escherichia coli were sensitive to the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of white corn starch with zones of inhibition of 22mm and 20mm respectively. Escherichia coli was also sensitive to ethanolic extract of yellow corn starch with a zone of inhibition of 22mm. Salmonella typhi was also sensitive to ethanolic and methanolic extracts of white maize starch with zones of inhibition of 20mm and 21mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts of various corn varieties on E. coli and Salmonella typhi were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic (1.56mg/ml) and methanolic extract (0.78mg/ml) of white maize starch had zones of 17mm and 19mm on Escherichia coli respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanol and methanol extract of white corn starch on Salmonella typhi where found to possess zones of inhibition 17mm and 18mm respectively, while the minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract (0.78mg/ml) of yellow corn starch on Escherichia coli had zones of inhibition of 18mm. Phytochemical screening of both varieties of cornstarch revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponins and terpenoids. Sensitivity testing of the phytochemicals present revealed that tannins had zone of inhibition on the test organisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli (23.20mm and 25mm) respectively, while the other phytochemicals had no zones of inhibition.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Corn starch Escherichia coli Phytochemical Salmonella typhi.

References

  1. Chopra, S., Cocciolone, S. M., Bushman, S., Sangar, V., Mcmullen, M.D. and Peterson, T. (2003). The maize unstable factor for orange 1 is a dominant epigenetic modifier of a tissue specifically silent allele of pericarp colour 1. Genetics, 163(3): 1135-1146.http://www.genetics.org/conten t/163/3/1135
  2. Falana, M. B, Bankole, M. O., Omemu, A. and Oyewole, O. B. (2012). Antimicrobial potentials of some selected microorganisms associated with spontaneuts solution of fermented maize mash omidun for two varieties of maize grains. African Journal of Microbiological Research, 6: 4095-4101.https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1099
  3. Fernandez, A., Torres – Gener, S. and Lagaron, J. M. (2009). Novel route of stabilization of bioactive antioxidants by encapsulation in electrospun fibers of zein prolamine. FoodHydrocolloids, 23: 1427-1432.https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0wZP1MAAAAJ&hl=es
  4. Hagiwara, A., Miyashita, K., Naskanishi, T., Sano, M., Tamano, S., Kadota, J. and Shirai, T. (2001). Pronounced inhibition by a natural anthocyanin, purple corn colour, of 2-amino - 1 - methyl-6-phenly imidazo (4,5,6) pyridine (Phlp) - associated colorectal carcinogenesis in male F 344 rats pretreated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. CancerLetters, 171:17-25.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485824
  5. Higgins, J. A. (2004). Resistant starch: Metabolic effects and potential health benefits. Journal of AOAC International, 87(3): 761-768.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15287677
  6. Himi, E., Mares, D. J., Yanagisawa, A. and Noda, K. (2002). Effect of grain color gene on grain dormancy and sensitivity of the embryo to abscisic acid (ABA) in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53 (374): 1569-1574.https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erff05
  7. Humphrey,T. (2004). Salmonella, Stress responses and food safety. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2: 504-509.doi:10.1038/nrmicro907
  8. Kim, W. K., Chong, M.K., Kang, N.E., Kim, M.H. and Park, O.J. (2003). Effect of resistant starch from corn or rice on glucose control, colonic events, and blood lipid concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(3): 166-172.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12742545
  9. Kopsell, D. A., Armel, G. R., Mueller, T. C., Sams, C. E., Deyton, D. E., McElroy, J. S. and Kopsell, D. E. (2009). Increase in nutritionally important sweet corn kernel carotenoids follow mesotrione and atrazine applications. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57:6362-6368.DOI: 10.1021/jf9013313
  10. Kumar, D. and Jhariya, N.A. (2013). Nutritional Medicinal and Economical Importance of Corn: A mi-review. ResearchJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2:7-8.www.isca.in
  11. Omemu, A. M., Ayewole, O. B. and Bankole, M. O. (2007). Significance of yeast in the fermentation of maize for Ogi processing. International Journal of Food Science, 24: 511-516. DOI:10.1016/j.fm.2007.01.006
  12. Ostlund, R. E., Racette, S.B, Okeke, S and Stenson, W. F. (2002). Phytosterols that are present in commercial corn oil significantly reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75: 1000 – 1004.
  13. Shen, L., Keenan, M. J, Martin, R. J, Tolley, K. T, Raggio, A. M, McCutceon, K. L. and Zou, J. (2009). Dietary Resistant starch increases hypothalamic POMC Expression in rats. Obesity, 17(1):640-45.doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.483. Epub 2008 Oct 23.
  14. Song, X., Yi, L., Baoyun, X., Jamie, H., Jeanne, M. R., Hong, J.Chunmei, Z., Ross, J. M., Richard, D. and David, F.S. (2011). Shotgun glycomics: a microarray strategy for functional glycomics. NatureMethods, 8:85-90. 10.1038/nmeth.1540
  15. Teniolas, O. D. and Odunfa, S. A. (2001). The effects of processing methods on the level of Lysine, Methionine and the general acceptability of Ogi processed using starter cultures. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 63:1-9.https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.elsevier-377fe435-3101-3af3-9564-0f9
How to Cite

Obakpororo, E. L., Floretta, T., Felicia, N. U., & Nathaniel, O. C. (2018). Determination of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of Corn Starch Extract on Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 32(1), 4213-4219. https://doi.org/10.67614/njm.2018.536spve6

E. L. Obakpororo, T. Floretta, N. U. Felicia, and O. C. Nathaniel, "Determination of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of Corn Starch Extract on Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi," Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 4213-4219, June 2018. doi: 10.67614/njm.2018.536spve6

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles